Unit+15+Terms

Aaron through bradypnea:
 * Apical Pulse**: the heartbeat as heard with a stethoscope placed on the chest wall adjacent to the apex cordi.


 * Apnea**: An apnea is a period of time during which breathing stops or is markedly reduced


 * Arrhythmia**: The heartbeats may be too slow, too rapid, too irregular, or too early. Rapid arrhythmias (greater than 100 beats per minute) are called tachycardias. Slow arrhythmias (slower than 60 beats per minute) are called bradycardias. Irregular heart rhythms are called fibrillations (as in atrial fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation). When a single heartbeat occurs earlier than normal, it is called a premature contraction


 * Aural temperature**: When temperature is take thruogh the ear.


 * Blood pressure**: The blood pressure is the pressure of the blood within the arteries. It is produced primarily by the [|contraction] of the [|heart muscle]. It's measurement is recorded by two numbers. The first ([|systolic] pressure) is measured after the [|heart] contracts and is highest. The second ([|diastolic] pressure) is measured before the heart contracts and lowest


 * Bradycardia**: A slow heart rate, usually defined as less than 60 beats per minute


 * Bradypnea**:Abnormally slow [|breathing]. A [|respiratory rate] that is too slow. The normal rate of respirations (breaths per minute) depends on a number of factors, including the age of the individual and the degree of exertion.

Jerrica: through Fever
 * Charecter**-the abstraction of an observable physical or biochemical trait of an organism [[image:3_4_circles.jpg]]
 * Cheyne- Stokes**-is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by oscillation of ventilation between apnea and tachypnea characterized by a crescendo-decrescendo pattern in the depth of respirations, to compensate for changing serum partial pressures of oxygen & carbon.[[image:getimage.jpg]]
 * clinical thermometers** -used for measuring human body temperature, with the tip of the thermometer being inserted either into the mouth (//oral temperature//), under the armpit (//axillary temperature//), or into the rectum via the anus (//rectal temperature//).[[image:Digital_Clinical_Thermometers__Waterproof_.jpg]]


 * Cyanosis** -is a blue coloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to the presence of > 5g/dl deoxygenated hemoglobin in blood vessels near the skin surface.
 * Diastolic**-is the period of time when the heart fills with blood after systole (contraction).
 * Dyspnea** -or dyspnoea shortness of breath) or shortness of breath (SOB) is a debilitating symptom that is the experience of unpleasant or uncomfortable respiratory sensations
 * Fever**-medical sign that describes an increase in internal body temperature to levels above normal. Fever is most accurately characterized as a temporary elevation in the body's thermoregulatory set-point, usually by about 1–2 °C (1.8-3.6 °F).

Riska: through pulse. The rate, rythm, and volume are recorded.
 * Pulse** is the pressure of the blood felt against the wall of an artery as the heart contracts and relaxes, or beats.

A deficit in pulse when there is a difference in the apical pulse and the peripheral pulse determined by the simultaneous auscultation at the heart apex and palpation at the radial artery (respectively).
 * Pulse deficit**

Normally, the heart rate and pulse rate are the same but for patients who are in atrial fibrillation, there is a pulse deficit wherein the pulse rate is lower than the heart rate.
 * Supplement**


 * Pulse pressure** is the variation in blood pressure occurring in an artery during the cardiac cycle; it is the difference between the systolic or maximum and diastolic or minimum pressure's.
 * Pyrexia is** fever: a rise in the temperature of the body; frequently a symptom of infection
 * Rale** is bubbling or noisy sound caused by fluid or mucus in the air passages.
 * Rate** is number per minutes, as with pulse and respiration counts.
 * Rectal temperature**
 * Respirations** is the transport of oxygen to cells where cellular respiration takes place

Vital Signs definitions go here; pictures - when appropriate :) - are strongly encouraged.


 * Homeostasis:** A constant state of fluid balance. It's the ideal health state of human body.
 * Oral Temperature:** Taken in the mouth. Left in mouth for 3-5 mins. Most common and convinient method of obtaining a temperature.



Hypothermia: Is a low body temperature. Below 95F (35C). Caused by prolonged exposure to cold. Death usually occurs if body temperature drops below 93F (33C)


 * Hypotension:** or low blood pressure. indicated when pressures are less than 90mm Hg systolic and 60mn Hg diastolic


 * [[image:0597840156.jpg width="290" height="283"]]

Hypethermia:** when body temp exceeds 104 F (40C). Caused by prolonged exposure to hot temperatures, brain damage, serious infections.


 * Orthopnea:** Severe dyspnea in which bretahing is very difficult in any position other than sitting erect or standing.
 * Hypertension**: HIgh blood pressure.. When preassures are higher that 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic[[image:hypertension.jpg]]

Tachypnea:** Abnormally fast breathing. A respiratory rate that is too rapid. The normal rate of respirations (breaths per minute) depends on a number of factors, including the age of the individual and the degree of exertion. The prefix tachy- means swift or rapid; it comes from the Greek word tachys, meaning "swift." The word ending -pnea denotes a relationship to breathing; it comes from the Greek pnoia, meaning breath. e, and is noninvasive.
 * Tu: Tachypnea- Wheezing
 * Rhythm:** Rhythm refers to the regularity of the pulse and is a measurement refers to the spacing of the heartbeats.
 * Sphygmomanometer:** A sphygmomanometer is an instrument used to measure blood pressure in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).
 * Stethoscope:** A stethoscope is an instrument used to listen to internal body sounds.
 * Systolic:** Systolic pressure is used in blood pressure and is the pressure that occurs inthe walls of the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is contracting and pushing blood into the arteries.
 * Tachycardia:** Tachycardia is a pulse rate over 100 beats per minute and refers to a high pulse rate.
 * Tachypnea:** Tachypnea is a rapid, shallow respiratory rate above 25 repirations per minute.
 * Temperature:** Is a measurement of the balance between heat lost and heat produced by the body. Temperature can be measured in the mouth, rectum, armpit, ear, or by the temporal artery in the forehead. A low or high reading can indicate disease. Most temperatures are measured in degrees on a thermometer that has a Fahrenheit scale. Some health care facilities are now measuring temperature in degrees on a Celcius scale.
 * Temporal scanning thermometer:** are specialized electronic thermometers that measure the temperature in the temporal artery of the forehead. The thermometer probe is placed on the forehead and passed in a straight line across the forehead, midway between the eyebrow and upper hairline. In this area, the temporal artery is less than 2 millimeters below the skin surface and easy to find. This thermometer provides an accurate measurement of internal body temperature, is easy to us

Normal ranges for the average healthy adult vital signs are: Temperature: 97.8 - 99.1 degrees Fahrenheit / average 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit Breathing: 12 - 18 breaths per minute Pulse: 60 - 80 beats per minute (at rest) Blood Pressure Systolic: less than 120 mm of mercury (mm Hg) Diastolic: less than 80 mm Hg
 * Temporal temperature:** are the newer way to take temperature. A special temporal scanning thermometer is passed in a straight line across the forehead, midway between the eyebrows and upper hairline. The thermometer measures the temperature in the temporal artery to provided an accurate measurement of blood temperature.
 * Tympanic thermometers:** are specialized electronic thermometers that record the aural temperature in the ear. A disposable plastic cover is placed on the ear probe. By inserting the probe into the auditory canal and pushing a scan button, the temperature is recorded on the screen within 1-2 seconds. It is important to tread and follow instructions while using this thermometer to obtain an accurate reading.
 * Vital signs**: Vital signs show an individual is alive. They include heart beat, breathing rate, temperature, and blood pressure. These signs may be watched, measured, and monitored to check an individual's level of physical functioning. Normal vital signs change with age, sex, weight, exercise tolerance, and condition.
 * Volume:** or the strength or intensity of the pulse, is also noted. It is described by words such as strong, weak, thread, or bounding. Various factors will change pulse rate. Increased, or accelerated, rates can be caused by exercise, excitement, fever, shock, nervous tension, and other similar factors.
 * Wheezing:** difficult breathing with a high-pitched whistling or sighing sound during expiration: caused by a narrowing of bronchioles (asthma) or an obstruction or mucus accumulation in the bronchi.