Unit+4+Terms

Below is space for the creation of the Unit 4 Key Terms (found on page 75 in your text) - as a class, you will decide how to divide up the work and how the terms should be organized. In addition to the creation of the terms, one person in class should be in charge of documenting who is responsible for what (in addition to their contribution to the key terms). The place to document the participation is outlined below.

This assignment is due by classtime (6:50 AM) Friday, January 9, 2008.

Tu: the last 25 term of unit 4
 * Responsibilities:**

Competence:** Being competent means that you are qualified and capable of performing a task. You follow instructions, use approved procedures and srtive for accuracy in all you do. You know your limits and ask for help or guidance if you do not know how to perform a procedure.
 * Key Terms:


 * Cultural diversity:** Cultural diversity encompasses the cultural differences that exist between people, such as language, dress and traditions, and the way societies


 * Democratic leader:** Encourages the participation of all individuals in decisions that have to be made or problems that have to be solved. This leader listens to the opinions of others, and then bases decisions on what is best for the group as a whole. By guiding the individuals to a solution, the leader allows the gorup to take responsibility for the decision.


 * Dependability:** Employers and patients rely on you, so you must accept the responsibility required in your position. You must be prompt in reporting to work, and maintain a good attendance record. You must perform assigned tasks on time and accurately.


 * Discretion:** You must always use good judgment in what you say and do. In any health care career, you will have access to confidential information. This information should not be told to anyone without proper authoriztion. A patient is entitled to confidential care; you must be discreet and ensure that the patient's rights are not violated.


 * Empathy:** Empathy means being able to identify with and understand other person's feeling, situation, and motives. As a health care worker, you may care for persons of all ages-from the newborn infant to the elderly adult. To be successful, you must be sincerely interested in working with people. You must care about others and be able to communicate and work with them. Understanding the needs of people and learning effective communication techniques is one way to develop empathy.


 * Enthusiasm:** You must enjoy your work and display a positive attitude. Enthusiasm is contagious; it helps you do your best and encourgages others to do the same. If you do not like some aspects of your job, concentration on the positive points can help diminish the importance of the negative points.


 * Feedback:** is a method that can be used to determine whether communication was successful. This occurs whe the reciever responds to the message. Feddback allows the origianl sender to evaluate how the message was interpreted and to make any necessary adjustments or clarification. Feedback can be verbal or nonverbal.


 * Goal:** Can be defined as a desired result or purpose toward which one is working. Goals can be compared with maps that hlepyou find your direction and reach your destination.


 * Honesty:** Truthfulness and integrity are important in any career field. Others must be able to trust you at all times. You must be willing to admit mistakes so they can be corrected.


 * Laissez-faire leader:** More of an informal type of leader. This leader believes in noninterference in the affairs of others. A laissezfaire leader will strive for only minimal rules or regulations, and allow the individuals in a group to function in an independent manner with little or no direction. Ths leader almost has a "hands-off"politcy, and usually avoids making decisions until forced by circumstances to do so. The term laissez-faire comes from French idiom meaning "to let alone" and can be translated to mean "allow to act"; therefore, it is an appropriate term to use for this type of leader.


 * Leader:** Is frequently defined as an individual who leads or guides others, or who is in charge or in command of others. Leaders combine visions of excellence with the ablitiy to inspire others. They promote positive changes that benefit their professions and the poeple they serve.


 * Leadership:** Is the skill or ability to encourage people to work together and do their best to achieve common goals.


 * Listening:** Is another essential part of effective communication. Listening means paying attention to and making an effort to hear what the other person is saying. Good listening skills require constant practice. Good listening skills will allow you to receive the entire message a person is trying to convey to you.


 * Nonverbal Communication:** involves the use of facial expressions, body language, gestures, eye contact, and touch to convey messages or ideas. If a person is smiling and sitting in a very relaxed position while saying, "I am very angry about this entire situation,"two differnt message are being conveyed. A smile, a frown, a wink, a shrug of a shoulders, a bored expression, a tappig of fingers or feet, and other similar body gestures or actions all convey messages to the receiver. It is important for health care workers to be aware of both their own and patients'nonverbal behaviors because these are an important part of any communication process. When verbal and nonverbal messages agree, the receiver is more likely to understand the message being sent.


 * Patience:** You must be tolerant and understanding. Yo must learn to control your temper adn count to ten in difficult situations. Learning to deal with frustration and overcome obstacles is important.


 * Personal hygiene:** is essential. Because the health care workers typically wok in close contact with others, body odor must be controlled. A daily bath or shower, use of deodorant or antiperspirant, good oral hygiene, and clean undergramnents all help prevent body odor. Strong odors caused by tobacco, perfumes, scented hairsprays, and aftershave lotions can be offensive. Some scents can cause allergic reactions in some individuals. The use of these products should be avoided when working with patients and co-workers.


 * Responsibility:** Responsibility implies being willing to be held accountable for your actions. Others can rely on you and know that you will meet your obligatons. Responsiblity means that you do what you are supposed to do.


 * Self-motivation:** Self-motivation, or self-initiative, is the ability to begin or to follow through with a task. You should be able to determine things that need to be done and do them without constant direction. You set goals for yourself and work to reach the goals.


 * Stress:** Can be defined as the body's reaction to any situations that requires a person to adjust to a changing environment. Change always intitiates stress. Or biological term which refers to the consequences of the failure of a human or animal body to respond appropriately to emotional or physical threats to the organism, whether actual or imagined.


 * Tact:** Being tactful means having the ability to say or do the kindest or most fitting thing in a difficult situation. It requires constant practive. Tactfulness implies a consideration for the feelings of others. It is important to remember that all individuals have a right to their respective feelings, and that these feelings should not be judged as right or wrong.


 * Team player:** In any health care field, you will become part of a team. It is essential that you become a team player and learn to work well with others. Each member of a health care team will have different responsibilities, but each member must do his or her part to provide the patient with quality car. By working together, a team can accomplish goals much faster than an individual.


 * Teamwork:** Consist of many professionals, with different levels of education, ideas, backgrounds, and interests, working together for the benefit of the patient.


 * Time management:** is a system of practical skills that allows an individual to use tie in the most effective and productive way posible. Time management helps prevent or reduce stress by putting the individual in charge, keeping things in perspective when events are overwhelming, increasing productivity, using tie more effectively, improving enjoyment of activites, and providing time for relaxing and enjoying life.


 * Willingness to learn:** You must be willing to learn and to adapt to changes. The field of health care changes constantly because of research, new inventions, and technological advances. Change often requires learning new techniques or procedures. At time, additonal education may be required to remain competent in a particular field. Be prepared for life-long learning to maintain a competent evel of knowledge and skills.

Biomedical equipment: DEFINITION: Biomedical equipment technology professionals are employed at jobs involving the repair, sale, calibration, installation, troubleshooting, and management of biomedical instrumentation and electronics technology in the health industry.

DESCRIPTION: Biomedical equipment technology is a profession that requires broad knowledge of biomedical system instrumentation. Necessary knowledge includes system usage, maintenance responsibilities, and ways to obtain data on an extensive range of monitoring, diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical instrumentation. Solutions to issues encountered while interacting with doctors, nurses, and other technicians who use biomedical instrumentation are often studied and realized by those in the profession. A biomedical equipment technologist must study electronics, electronics management, medical physiology, and computer applications. After graduating, he or she may opt to specialize in particular types of equipment used, generally in nuclear medicine, surgery, radiology, clinical laboratory, dialysis, or intensive care.

WORK SETTING: Graduates of biomedical equipment technology programs usually work

in hospitals in medical clinics at medical colleges at medical research facilities at computer and electronic instrumentation manufacturers at companies as sales representatives or distributors in United States government agencies in the U.S. Armed Forces in public health services as field service technician

Cardiovascular technologist:

Cardiovascular technologists specializing in invasive procedures are called cardiology technologists. They assist physicians with cardiac catheterization procedures in which a small tube, or catheter, is threaded through a patient’s artery from a spot on the patient’s groin to the heart. The procedure can determine whether a blockage exists in the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle. The procedure also can help to diagnose other problems. Part of the procedure may involve balloon angioplasty, which can be used to treat blockages of blood vessels or heart valves without the need for heart surgery. Cardiology technologists assist physicians as they insert a catheter with a balloon on the end to the point of the obstruction. Another procedure using the catheter is electrophysiology test, which help locate the specific areas of heart tissue that give rise to the abnormal electrical impulses that cause arrhythmias.

Central/sterile suppy: DEFINITION

Under general supervision, receives, maintains, and issues medical items and equipment for use by physicians, nurses, and other medically oriented personnel in the care and treatment of patients at a state institution; performs related work as required.

workers certification: Those pursuing an education in human and social services can look forward to excellent job opportunities. Human and social services span a wide variety of careers. For example, work in human and social services includes public administration, social and human service assistants, social workers, counselors, child care workers, and physical therapist assistants. Those who are responsible and have good communication and time management skills may find work in this field rewarding. This occupation is ranked as one of the fastest growing.

Continuing education units: A Continuing Education Unit (CEU) is a measure used in continuing education programs, particularly those required in a licensed profession in order for the professional to maintain the license. Generally, a CEU is defined as ten hours of participation in a recognized continuing education program, with qualified instruction and sponsorship. CEU records are widely used to provide evidence of completion of continuing education requirements mandated by certification bodies, professional societies, or governmental licensing boards. The records also provide employers with information on training pertinent to particular occupations.

The term CEU is in the public domain. Any organization may award a traditional CEU without requiring any accreditation. With a traditional CEU an employer or other organization must decide on an individual basis whether to honor the CEU from a training provider.

dental assistants: dental hygienist is a licensed dental professional who specializes in preventive dental care, typically, but not limited to, focusing on techniques in oral hygiene. Local dental regulations determine the duties hygienists are able to perform. In most jurisdictions, hygienists work for a dentist, and some are licensed to administer local anesthesia. Common procedures performed by hygienists include cleaning, scaling and root planing, taking of perscribed radiographs, dental sealants, and provide instructions for proper dental care. dental laboratory technician: A dental laboratory is a light manufacturing facility for the production of dental restorations on the order of a dentist. Dental laboratories may make dentures, crowns, or other dental restorations such as implant crowns. dentists: Teeth cleaning is the removal of dental plaque and tartar from teeth in order to prevent cavities, gingivitis, and gum disease. Severe gum disease causes at least one-third of adult tooth loss.

Generally, dentists recommend that teeth be cleaned professionally at least twice per year. Professional cleaning includes tooth scaling, tooth polishing, and, if too much tartar has built up, debridement. This is usually followed by a fluoride treatment for children and adults.

Between cleanings by a dental hygienist, good oral hygiene is essential for preventing tartar build-up which causes the problems mentioned above. This is done by carefully and frequently brushing with a toothbrush and the use of dental floss to prevent accumulation of plaque on the teeth.

dialysis technicians: Dialysis Technicians operate machines that remove waste and excess fluids from the blood of patients whose kidneys can no longer carry out those functions. Dialysis technicians are also referred to as renal dialysis technicians, hemodialysis technicians, or nephrology technicians. They work under the supervision of physicians, primarily in hospitals and clinics.

dietetic assistants: Dietetic assistants work under the supervision of state registered dietitians (SRD) in either a community or hospital setting within The National Health Service (NHS). Training for dietetic assistants is provided by the British Dietetic Association (BDA), but working in this role is not a route to becoming a qualified Dietitian. The majority of departments in which dietetic assistants are employed also provide on-the-job training specifically related to the post.

Activities vary depending on the area in which you are employed. You may be involved in the following:

In a hospital setting:

helping patients on special diets to choose from the hospital menu; obtaining patients' dietary history; collecting and recording information regarding patients' consumption and weight; providing dietary consultation, under the direction of the dietitian; liaising with the dietitian regarding the progress of patients. dietetic technicians: DIETETIC TECHNICIANS use nutritional science to promote healthy eating habits. Menu planning, supervision of food preparation, sales, diet therapy, nutrition Research, counseling, and education are all within the realm of the dietetic professional. Dietitians tend to specialize in five main areas. dietitians:

Dietitians help promote good health through proper eating. They also supervise the preparation and service of food, develop modified diets, participate in research, and educate individuals and groups on good nutritional habits. Artificial nutritional provision to patients not able for normal oral intake and dietary modification to address medical issues involving dietary intake is a major part of dietetics. The goals of the dietary department are to provide medical nutritional intervention, obtain, prepare, and serve flavorsome, attractive, and nutritious food to patients, family members, and health care providers.

In many countries only people who have specified educational credentials can call themselves "dietitians" — the title is legally protected. The term "nutritionist" is also widely used; however, the term nutritionist is not regulated as dietitian is. People may call themselves nutritionists without the educational and professional requirements of registered dietitians.

Chiropractors, also known as doctors of chiropractic or chiropractic physicians, diagnose and treat patients with health problems of the musculoskeletal system and treat the effects of those problems on the nervous system and on general health. Many chiropractic treatments deal specifically with the spine and the manipulation of the spine. Chiropractic medicine is based on the principle that spinal joint misalignments interfere with the nervous system and can result in lower resistance to disease and many different conditions of diminished health.

The chiropractic approach to health care stresses the patient’s overall health. Chiropractors provide natural, drugless, nonsurgical health treatments, relying on the body’s inherent recuperative abilities. They also recognize that many factors affect health, including exercise, diet, rest, environment, and heredity. Chiropractors recommend changes in lifestyle that affect those factors. In some situations, chiropractors refer patients to or consult with other health practitioners.

doctor of medicine: Doctor of Medicine (MD, from the Latin Medicinæ Doctor meaning "Teacher of Medicine") is a doctoral degree for physicians (medical doctors). The degree is granted from medical schools.

It is a first professional degree (qualifying degree) in some countries, including the United States and Canada, although training is entered after obtaining at least 90 hours of university level work (see second entry degree). In other countries, such as United Kingdom and Australia, the MD is a higher doctoral academic research degree resembling a PhD.[1] In Britain and many Commonwealth nations, the qualifying medical degree is instead the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS or MBChB). doctor of osteopathic medicines: Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O. or DO) is an academic degree offered in the United States. It is a graduate-level first professional degree for physicians and surgeons, requiring four years to complete. Holders of the D.O. degree are known as osteopathic medical physicians. D.O.s are trained much in the same way as M.D.s, with the addition of osteopathic manipulative medicine techniques.

In the United States, the D.O. and the M.D. are the only two degrees permitting licensure as medical physicians. D.O and M.D. physicians have similar training (both requiring four years of training in the basic and clinical sciences and the successful completion of licensing exams). Osteopathic medical physicians receive additional training in Osteopathic Manual Manipulation. Although U.S. osteopathic medical physicians currently may obtain licensure in 47 countries, osteopathic curricula in countries other than the United States differ. In some countries outside of the United States, D.O.s are known as "osteopaths" and while their scope of practice includes some conventional medical therapies, they rely more exclusively on osteopathic manipulative medicine and other alternative medical modalities

doctorate doctoral doctors degree:

A doctorate is an academic degree that in most countries represents the highest level of formal study or research in a given field. In some countries it also refers to a class of degrees which qualify the holder to practice in a specific profession (such as law or medicine). The best-known example of the former is the PhD (Doctor of Philosophy), while examples of the latter include the U.S. degree of Doctor of Medicine and the Dutch Professional Doctorate in Engineering. In some countries, the highest degree in a given field is referred to as a terminal degree, although this is by no means universal (the phrase is not in general use in the U.K., for example), practice varies from country to country, and a distinction is sometimes made between terminal professional degrees (such as the J.D.) and terminal research degrees (such as the LL.D. or S.J.D.).

Electrocardiograph technicians: Electrocardiograph (EKG or ECG) Technicians operate equipment that records and measures heart activity. These measurements are used to assist cardiologists and other physicians in diagnosing and treating cardiac (heart) and peripheral vascular (blood vessel) problems. An EKG technician first obtains a patient’s medical history and medication use. Then they prepare a patient by attaching electrodes to the chest, arms, and legs. These electrodes will measure trace electrical impulses transmitted by the heart in order to obtain a printout that can be used by the physician. These tests are often done as part of routine examination before surgeries, especially on older patients or those that have a history of cardiovascular problems. With additional on-the-job training or experience, EKG technicians may specialize in areas such as cardiac catheterization, Holter monitoring, phonocardiography, stress testing, and vectorcardiography. EKG technicians must be able to recognize an emergency and assist the physician in responding to them. Anyone interested in this field should have an interest in high-tech mechanical equipment. He or she should also be able to sympathize with people and reassure them when they are apprehensive about the testing procedure

Electroencephalographic technologist: Under general supervision, performs work at the full-performance level by preparing and operating an electroencephalograph (EEG) machine to measure and record brain waves and/or prepares and operates an electrocardiograph (EKG) machine to record the action of the heart muscles. Performs minor maintenance of equipment and insures an adequate inventory of available supplies. Performs related work as required.

Electroneurodiagnostic technologist: The data is interpreted by neurologists and used to assist in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with neurological disorders. These disorders include: epilepsy, stroke, infectious diseases of the nervous system (encephalitis), degenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's), head trauma from accidents, brain tumors, endocrine disorders, and brain death.

Electroneurodiagnostic technologists are responsible for: taking medical histories and preparing the patient for the test applying electrodes to the patient's head with adhesive paste or glue making notes on the recorded graph to identify interferences such as poor electrode contact or patient movement preparing a written report of the tracings for the neurologist monitoring the patient during the procedure and responding to medical emergencies such as convulsive seizures maintaining the diagnostic equipment to ensure accurate testing and diagnosis operating digital computerized EEG instruments monitoring in the operating room of nervous system function during various surgeries caring for patient's basic needs and cleaning of patient after procedure Electroneurodiagnostic technologists should have manual dexterity, good vision, writing skills, basic computer skills, excellent communication skills, the desire to help people, the ability to work with electronic equipment, and the desire to work with others. Neurodiagnostic testing is an integral part of the care of the patient and the electroneurodiagnostic technician is a valuable and important part of the health care team.

Embalmers:

in most modern cultures, is the art and science of temporarily preserving human remains to forestall decomposition and to make them suitable for display at a funeral. The three goals of embalming are thus preservation, sanitization and presentation (or restoration) of a dead body to achieve this effect. Embalming has a very long and cross-cultural history, with many cultures giving the embalming processes a greater religious meaning

emergency medical technician: is a term used in various countries to denote a healthcare provider trained to provide pre-hospital emergency medical services.[1]

The precise meaning of the term varies by jurisdiction, but in many countries EMTs respond to emergency calls, perform certain medical procedures and transport patients to hospital in accordance with protocols and guidelines established by physician medical directors. They may work in an ambulance service (paid or voluntary), as a member of technical rescue teams, or as part of an allied service such as a fire or police department.

EMTs are trained to assess a patient's condition, and to perform such emergency medical procedures as are needed to maintain a patent airway with adequate breathing and cardiovascular circulation until the patient can be transferred to an appropriate destination for advanced medical care. Interventions include cardiopulmonary resuscitation, defibrillation, controlling severe external bleeding, preventing shock, body immobilization to prevent spinal damage, and splinting of bone fractures.

Endodontics: Endodontics, from the Greek endo (inside) and odons (tooth), is a one of the nine specialties of dentistry recognized by the American Dental Association, and deals with the tooth pulp and the tissues surrounding the root of a tooth. If the pulp (containing nerves, arterioles and venules as well as lymphatic tissue and fibrous tissue) has become diseased or injured, endodontic treatment is required to save the tooth.

Endodontists are dentists who have specialized in this field; qualification as an endodontist typically requires an additional 2-3 years of training following dental school. Many endodontic residents do original research and earn a Master's degree as well as a speciality certificate. They specialize and limit their practice to root canal therapy and root canal surgery, and use their special training and experience in treating difficult cases, such as teeth with narrow or blocked canals, or unusual anatomy. Endodontists may use advanced technology, such as operating microscopes, ultrasonics and digital imaging to perform these special services. Patients requiring root canal therapy are either referred by their general dentists to the endodontist or are self referred. Root canal therapy is also a standard procedure performed by general dentists.

Entrepreneur: An entrepreneur is a person who has possession of an enterprise, or venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome. It is an ambitious leader who combines land, labor, and capital to create and market new goods or services. [1]The term is a loanword from French and was first defined by the Irish economist Richard Cantillon. Entrepreneur in English is a term applied to the type of personality who is willing to take upon herself or himself a new venture or enterprise and accepts full responsibility for the outcome.

epidemiologist: is the study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations, and serves as the foundation and logic of interventions made in the interest of public health and preventive medicine. It is considered a cornerstone methodology of public health research, and is highly regarded in evidence-based medicine for identifying risk factors for disease and determining optimal treatment approaches to clinical practice. In the work of communicable and non-communicable diseases, the work of epidemiologists range from outbreak investigation to study design, data collection and analysis including the development of statistical models to test hypotheses and the documentation of results for submission to peer-reviewed journals. Epidemiologists may draw on a number of other scientific disciplines such as biology in understanding disease processes and social science disciplines including sociology and philosophy in order to better understand proximate and distal risk factors.

Entrepreneurship is often difficult and tricky, as many new ventures fail. The word entrepreneur is often synonymous with founder. Most commonly, the term entrepreneur applies to someone who creates value by offering a product or service. Entrepreneurs often have strong beliefs about a market opportunity and organize their resources effectively to accomplish an outcome that changes existing interactions.

Some observers see them as being willing to accept a high level of personal, professional or financial risk to pursue opportunity[who?].

Business entrepreneurs are viewed as fundamentally important in the capitalistic society. Some distinguish business entrepreneurs as either "political entrepreneurs" or "market entrepreneurs," while social entrepreneurs' principal objectives include the creation of a social and/or environmental benefit.

Contents [hide] 1 Etymology 1.1 Entrepreneur as a leader 1.2 Foundations Dedicated to Entrepreneurship 2 See also 3 External links 4 References